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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Water privatization in France ： ウィキペディア英語版 Water privatization in France Water privatization in France (''Gestion déléguée des services publics d'eau potable'') - more accurately called public-private partnerships for drinking water supply - goes back to the mid-19th century when cities signed concessions with private water companies for the supply of drinking water. As of 2010, according to the Ministry of Environment 75% of water and 50% of sanitation services in France are provided by the private sector, primarily by two firms, Veolia Water and Suez Environnement.〔(Ministry of Environment: Water management models ) quotes even higher figures: 75% for water and 50% for sanitation〕 In 1993 the ''Loi Sapin'' strengthened competition in the sector by limiting the duration of contracts to 20 years, among others. In 2010 the lease contracts for Paris with Suez and Veolia expired and the water system returned to public management.〔(Remunicipalization Paris )〕〔Municipality of Paris:(L'eau remunicipalisée depuis le 1er janvier ), 27 January 2010〕 ==Forms of privatization== The typical form of delegated management (gestion déléguée) from the public to the private sector is through a lease contract (''affermage'') or a concession contract. A lease contract is of shorter duration (10–15 years) and the responsibility to finance most of the infrastructure remains with the municipality. A concession contract is of longer duration (20–30 years) and the concessionnaire is in charge of mobilizing financial resources. In both cases, the municipality or the intermunicipal utility fixes the water and sanitation tariff and remains the owner of the infrastructure. Other forms of delegated management include the ''régie intéressée'' and the ''gérance'', less common forms of private sector participation under which the private sector takes less risks. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Water privatization in France」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.